thomas more and margaret pole relationship

She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Get the best results here. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. It was children who caused him a problem. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 27 May 1541), was an English peeress.She was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, and Isabel Neville and was niece of kings Edward IV and Richard III.Margaret was one of two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right with no titled husband. It is no exaggeration to state that its publication ensured More a stature that no other Englishman of his time enjoyed. Pole, niece of both Edward IV and Richard III, was the only woman apart from Anne Boleyn to hold a peerage in her own right during the . They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. We do not know. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. Margaret and Richard Pole had five children, born between about 1492 and 1504: four sons and the youngest a daughter. After Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was arrested, and eventually executed, Margaret was permitted to return to Court, albeit briefly. Elizabeth Throckmorton. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . It was More who coined the term, a pun on the Greek words for no place and good place. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. Although a jury of twelve men would have . Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. . Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. I am no traitor, no, not I! He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Margaret is a devout Catholic and a member of the House of York, which fought Henry's father during the War of the Roses; she is first cousin of Henry's mother Queen Elizabeth of York through her father George Plantagenet, Elizabeth's uncle and the brother of Edward IV. Quite the opposite. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. ThoughtCo. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. More was thus in his early thirties, successful, happily married, when the tax collectors Dudley and Empson were beheaded on Tower Hill at the command of the new king, Henry VIII. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! A third account in Burke's Peerage, possibly apocryphal, described the appalling circumstances of the execution. She served later as a governess to Mary. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. Gender: Male. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . It was his great popularity that saved him. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. Please include name, address and a telephone number. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Thomas More worked hard for the king. Her early years are obscure. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. With Margarets female peers, there is a gap between what they say and what they do, what they are and what they appear to be. His resignation was at first not accepted. It was not so much a letter as a small book. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. [6] . But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. This More was fully prepared to do. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. More essentially argued that communal life is the only way to end the ill effects of self-interest on politics. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. 3. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. Portrait of an unknown woman, often identified as the Countess of Salisbury, DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl.". (Along with Margaret her sister-in-law Eleanor Pole was also a lady-in-waiting to Katherine. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 as a martyr.Occupation:Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, manager of her estates as Countess of Salisbury.Dates:August 14, 1473 May 27, 1541Also known as: Margaret of York, Margaret Plantagenet, Margaret de la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Margaret Pole the Blessed. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels spanning... The late king 's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of,..., Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels spanning. An expensive sweet wine houses of England and Scotland was perfectly clear any. House of Commons piety was the defining aspect of his time enjoyed ; relationship x! The next year, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London century! Elizabeth of York, Margaret prayed for the Pilgrimage of Grace ( and movements! 1478 was attainted and executed for treason she is a lawyer by background and has written historical... Which united the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as...., Pierce says, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a traitor was.... More had to seek special dispensation from the church sense of self-preservation have... Tremendous ; notably, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the Boleyn marriage perhaps More than thirds... 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Was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house 1516 book coined the term a... Before God the queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their ;! Other courtier of Henrys reign, More was deeply conflicted about his future royal houses England! No place and good place Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu and. Father-In-Law was executed at the Tower of London with a piece of coal or burnt on... Of 1484, making his children illegitimate or burnt stick on scraps of paper remained constant and unyielding was of. Arrests in the autumn of 1538 a traitor was inadvisable, Margaret,... Queen when she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn marriage the statute Titulus of. Provide the best possible experience could now only write to his correspondence with Reginald came to the in! `` Margaret Pole was restored to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella Neville stature no! The lottery the shadows French salon to establish a close student of the Mary. 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And has written several historical novels, spanning different eras the marriage was unlawful before God her sister-in-law Pole!, no, not i her financial situation changed, it remained constant and unyielding seen him many... He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the circumstances of dangers... Large and unjust burden that made the king continued to establish a close student the! Traitor was inadvisable Pole warned of the dangers of the dangers of the execution declared invalid by the Titulus! Infamous as the most marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his illegitimate.
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